Kidney stones can form when there is a change in the normal balance of water, salt, and minerals found in the urine. Different types of changes cause different types of kidney stones. There are many factors that can trigger changes in urine, from chronic medical conditions to what you eat and drink.

External Factors and Foods Causing Kidney Stones

Nutrition

Drinking too little water is the most common cause of kidney stones.

Eating too much animal protein, sodium, and high-oxalate foods, such as chocolate or dark green vegetables, can increase the risk of kidney stones in some people.

Drinking sugary drinks, gaining weight, and certain medications can cause kidney stones.

Age and Genetics

White men have a greater risk for kidney stones from their 40s than other groups. Women see their risk increase in their 50s. Your chances also increase if you have a family history of kidney stones.

Certain kidney conditions such as high blood pressure, gout, urinary tract infections, polycystic kidney disease can increase the risk of kidney stones.

Geography and Profession

Kidney stones became a problem for soldiers serving in desert environments like Iraq. Doctors say dehydration is the culprit. Between the hot climate, protective clothing, and a tendency to drink very little water, soldiers are prone to dehydration. This results in urine with high levels of mineral deposits that can clump together to form stones.